Chapter 11 Questions
- Describe and tell the purpose of the following: viewing mechanism, lens shutter.
Viewing Mechanism: Also referred to as the viewfinder. This part of the camera is used to be able to see your field of view. It allows you see of what you’re trying to capture is in frame and is focused.
Lens Shutter: The shutter in the camera is like a door. When open it allows light to the camera. However, when it’s closed no light can enter. It’s what opens and closes the lens opening.
- Why does the viewfinder on a rangefinder camera cause problems when viewing a subject?
The viewfinder can emerge some problems by the angles being different. The photo that the photographer may thought they were capturing may end up being different. Because, the image is being looked at through one lens, but then being taken by another lens. You may she this problem mostly happening when a picture is being taken at close range.
- What is the purpose of the mirror in a single lens reflex camera
The purpose of the mirror is to reflection the image to a five-sided prism. Then that five-sided – prism reflects that new image to the viewfinder. When the photo is actually taken the mirror flips up out of the way when the shutter is opened. The different from this camera from a rangefinder, is that what you see in the viewfinder is what you get.
- What is a focal length? How does it affect a lens?
A focal length is the distance that is between the center of the lens and the film. If you want a more magnified lens you need a longer focal length. However, if you have a smaller focal length your image will appear smaller. But, you will have a longer range of view.
- What is the purpose of a light meter?
Light meters are used for measuring the amount of light that is present. Light is essential part of any photo. These Light meters a assist photographers on finding the proper aperture and shutter speeds. Also, there is such thing as a handheld light meter, this would provide a more accurate reading. However, there is also reflected-light meter. This tool allows the photographer to have a visual representation of how much light is reflected off the subject of the picture.
- How does electronic flash differ from continuous lighting?
They differ from each other by the amount of time there is that light source being provided. When talking about electronic flash the light only comes in on the very moment the photo is being taken. Also referred to as strobe light. While continuous light is simply a light that is on the whole time. Such as flood or spot lighting. A light meter may be used in this situation the find the best camera setting.
Describe the structure of black and white film. How does it differ from that of color film?
Black and white film primarily has 4 layers to it. In the layer referred to as the emulsion layer there is light-sensitive crystals. Under that layer is the base layer which is made out of a thin clear plastic. As for color it has several layers and them all being sensitive to each color of light. After the photos are developed and get exposed to light. Magenta, cyan and yellow colors fill in the negative space.
- Define film speed, contrast, and grain.
Film Speed: Is measured by the photographs film light sensitivity. At this moment this is most commonly measured by the ISO system. Which is a type of numeric scale.
Contrast: This tool is used to draw your eyes to one thing on the photo. When an photographer is using contrast they will add emphasis on whatever they want there focal point to be. They will also dim or take away expects from they other details in the picture.
Grain: Is made up of small particles of metallic grey or dyed clouds. Is quite noticeable in enlarged photographs
- Tell the purpose of developer, stop bath, and fixer.
Developer: Is the cause of any silver crystals in the photo to turn black. These silver crystals have to be exposed to be able to turn black in this process.
Stop bath: This consists of 18% acetic acid and is a solution that pauses the developing process by neutralizing any remaining chemicals.
Fixer: This step makes everything permanent and gets rid of any unexposed silver crystals that may be left. It is a mix of chemicals that forms the image.
- How are time, temperature, and agitation important during processing.
Time: To be able to get the most perfect photo it’s important to keep time as an vital part. All chemicals are different and will take different amounts of time to develop. The film can become overdeveloped if you leave it the developer too long. However, of you don’t leave it long enough your film dark and underdeveloped.
Temperature: Everything you used in your processing process should be the same temperature. If your chemical developer is too warm your photo possibly may become overdeveloped. However, if it’s too cold it will be slow to process. Best to look at the manufacturer’s direction for the best temperature.
Agitation: This step causes the chemicals to wash over the film’s surface. It helps prevent any type of air bubbles forming. This step is done by rocking the developing tray back and forth. Also by moving the developing tank in a circular motion.
Chapter 12 Questions
- What is composition and how can it improve a photograph?
Composition is describing the way the elements are arranged in a photo. A photo with good composition would have everything balanced. Usually, to get a good composition photo it would have been well thought out beforehand. Composition improves photos by enhancing the general picture. Things are less of an eyesore if there is harmony within the photograph.
- When should a tripod be used to avoid blurring a picture?
If you’re not trying to achieve a blurry photo a tripod should be used. This meaning if you’re using a shutter speed slower than 1/60 of a second, use a tripod. However, if you don’t have access to a a tripod. Rest the camera or your body against a wall to stable yourself.
- Describe three ways lighting can be altered to improve a photograph?
1: How you position yourself can highly effect the photo. Like if you are facing the sun or having it behind or to the side of you. This will either eliminate glare or make it more noticeable.
2: If you’re in a photographic studio the photographer would have an abundance of different light sources. That can alter the final product of the photo. These light source can be placed where needed.
3: Using a flash can add light to a dark setting. It allows you to be able to lighten or darken the exposure depending on your shutter speed.
- What is depth of field and how is it achieved?
Depth of field is referring to how much field of view you’re presenting to your audience. Meaning how much from front to back is in focus. If you’re wanting a larger depth of view you would use a smaller aperture. That is when your objects close and far away are in focus. If you’re wanting are shorter depth of field you would need a larger aperture.
- When might you use a stutter speed of 1/1000 of a second?
You might use a shutter speed of 1/1000 of a second in the situation of a running photography. Using the shutter speed of 1/1000 of a second can cause “frozen” in the photograph.
- When can a light meter be misleading?
A light meter can become misleading when you have a dark subject against a bright background. The light meter will read it has having a silhouette of the subject. If you want to avoid this problem use the light meter close up to the subject and making camera adjustments.
- Name the seven steps in film processing.
Step 1: Loading the film into the tank.
Step 2: Developing the film.
Step 3: Stopping the development.
Step 4: Fixing the image.
Step 5: Washing the film.
Step 6: Wetting the film.
Step 7: Drying the film.
- What is the contact print and what is it used for?
Also, referred to as a proof sheet. It gives photographers a chance to look through their images to find the best of the best. The films are on a sheet of photographic paper and gets held so it can come in contact with negatives and exposed. It then gets illuminated by a enlarger or contact printing light. The negatives are held by a pieces of glass. After, all of this the best film is choiced and processed.
- What is “burning-in” and how does it differ from “dodging”?
Burning-in and dodging are total opposite processes. Burning-in is a way to correct the problem of having an area too light in a photograph. It is achieved by adding more light to an area during enlarging. Doing this would allow to darker that area of the photo and improves detail. However, if you are looking to lighten dark areas that would be the process of dodging.
- How is film animation created today?
Today, animation is created by using computers. They use animation models that can be placed in any position. After, you set the models in a position they can photographed. Then moved slightly and photographed again. This gets down over and over again to create the final film. This process is definitely less time-consuming than drawing the individual cells. Also, using computers has been able to create a new form of animation.
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